Employment
Emma Cocker
September 2025
Senior Associate Emma Cocker explores how employers can address employee misconduct that occurs outside working hours, and the legal and reputational implications that may follow, in People Management.
Emma’s piece was published in People Management, on 29 August 2025.
Off the clock, still on the hook? Managing misconduct outside the workplace
As festival season comes to a close, many workers are letting down their hair at the likes of Glastonbury, Reading and Download. For many, attending a festival is the chance to enjoy some music with friends, but for others it can mean excessive drinking, taking drugs and anti-social behaviour.
While some deem their non-workplace conduct irrelevant, for attendees whose transgressions are witnessed by their employers, colleagues or clients, the consequences can be serious. Being seen to be excessively drunk or high is not how most companies want their employees to behave in public. This year, antisemitic chanting put Glastonbury and the BBC front and centre of serious concerns, with Sir Ephraim Mirvis (the Chief Rabbi) attacking the BBC for airing ‘vile Jew hate’ by the punk rap duo Bob Vylan, followed by some extremely disturbing and concerning TV close-ups of some of the audience chanting, “Death, death to the IDF”.
So, what are the repercussions for the errant few who are caught engaging in such behaviour and how should employers respond?
While not all off-duty behaviour warrants intervention, actions that are criminal, breach company policies, or cause reputational damage, can be grounds for disciplinary measures. Such action will firstly involve a disciplinary investigation to determine whether there is a case to answer. If there is, a disciplinary hearing should take place at which the decisionmaker will consider all relevant evidence before deciding whether and how to discipline an individual.
Factors for employers to consider in relation to off-duty misconduct include whether the employee’s actions affect their ability to do their job, damage the employer’s reputation or create a hostile environment for clients or colleagues. If there is a no apparent connection, employers may struggle to justify disciplinary actions and disciplining an employee for conduct that has no clear effect on the company could lead to legal claims, such as unfair or constructive dismissal.
Possible reputational damage is the consequence most often touted by employers in justification for disciplinary measures. However reputational damage can be difficult to assess, and the potential impact will vary depending on the employee’s role and the particular workplace. Case law has thrown up some surprising results, with employees being held to be unfairly dismissed after carrying out what most would consider to be egregious behaviour.
To avoid claims of unfair dismissal, employers must genuinely believe that the employee has committed an act which either has or may cause reputational damage. They need to be careful in assessing the severity of the misconduct, the actual or potential impact on their business, and the employee’s role. In determining the merits of each case, employers need to navigate the fine line between individuals’ rights to a private life and the workplace, simultaneously maintaining standards and respecting employee rights. Equally, employees need to know where the boundaries are and what their employers expect from them to avoid stepping over the line. As such, employers should develop conduct policies, outlining expected behaviour outside of work, which should be communicated to all employees to ensure they understand their responsibilities. Social media policies should also be developed to draw to employee’s attention the impact of online behaviour on the company’s reputation. Regular training on professional conduct and the potential impact of off-duty behaviour should also be offered. This will help to encourage a culture of respect and professionalism both within and outside the workplace. When problems do arise, employers must monitor behaviour fairly and address misconduct promptly.
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